CAN and LIN bus fundamentals
The two workhorse networks that let dozens of controllers share one wire pair.
You'll learn
- Explain can and lin bus fundamentals at engineering level
- Read the numbers that define the behaviour
- Apply the idea to a real drive system
Overview
A modern EV carries anywhere from thirty to over a hundred electronic control units. CAN and LIN are the networking standards that let them all talk without a dedicated wire between every pair.
In depth
CAN vs. LIN
| CAN | LIN | |
|---|---|---|
| Typical speed | 500 kbit/s – 8 Mbit/s (CAN-FD) | Up to 20 kbit/s |
| Topology | Multi-master, two-wire differential | Single-master, single-wire |
| Cost per node | Higher | Very low |
| Typical use | Powertrain, chassis, safety systems | Window switches, mirrors, seat controls |
CAN's differential signalling makes it robust to electrical noise — essential next to a switching inverter — and its bitwise arbitration means the highest-priority message always wins access to the bus without any message being lost or delayed unpredictably.
Key takeaways
Remember this
- CAN is the robust, multi-master network for powertrain and safety-relevant traffic.
- LIN is a cheaper, single-master network for simple, less time-critical actuators.
- CAN's arbitration mechanism guarantees the highest-priority message always gets through.
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